Analisis Mode Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Microhydro - Photovoltaic Array Menggunakan Homer (Studi Kasus : Kampung Bayang Janiah, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan)
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Abstract
Dalam penelitian ini membahas tentang optimisasi desain dan analisis ekonomi teknik dari Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid Off-Grid Microhydro-Photovoltaic Array dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak HOMER 2 versi 2.81. Pemanfaatan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hibrid (PLTH) dapat mengatasi permasalahan kelistrikan di Kampung Bayang Janiah, Nagari Koto Ranah, Kecamatan Bayang Utara, Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan yaitu jauh dari jangkauan jaringan listrik PLN dan dapat meningkatkan keandalan secara ekonomis dimana awalnya listrik beroperasi hanya 12 jam/hari yang bersumber dari PLTMH saja, dapat ditingkatkan menjadi beroperasi penuh selama 24 jam/hari. Dari analisa yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh ketersediaan debit bulanan air sungai Bayang Janiah dengan menggunakan metode F. J. Mock yaitu debit andalan 90% sebesar 102 L/s dengan head efektif 14 m mampu menggerakkan hydro turbine sehingga menghasilkan daya sekitar 11,3 kW. Sementara itu, untuk sistem photovoltaic array menghasilkan daya sebesar 8,4 kW dengan jumlah modul surya sebanyak 84 modul dan jumlah battery 6 V 1.091 Ah yang dibutuhkan sebanyak 8 unit serta bidirectional converter dengan total kapasitas sebesar 10 kW, berjumlah 2 unit. Hasil simulasi HOMER menunjukkan bahwa penentuan konfigurasi desain sistem PLTH yang paling optimal untuk diterapkan di Kampung Bayang Janiah berdasarkan Total NPC terendah adalah integrasi antara microhydro-photovoltaic array-battery bank-bidirectional converter. Pada konfigurasi sistem yang optimal tersebut, kontribusi microhydro sebesar 78.945 kWh/yr, photovoltaic array sebesar 11.404 kWh/yr, dengan Total NPC sebesar $ 146.041, Levelized COE sebesar $ 0,525/kWh, sedangkan untuk konsumsi energi listrik per tahun sebesar 30.668 kWh dan memiliki kelebihan energinya sebesar 59.608 kWh/yr, sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan listrik rumah tangga sebanyak 56 kk termasuk juga sarana sosial yang ada di kampung tersebut.
Kata Kunci: PLTH Off-Grid Microhydro-Photovoltaic Array, Optimisasi Desain, Simulasi, HOMER, Total NPC, Levelized COE
Abstract—In this study discusses the optimization of the design and analysis of engineering economics Hybrid Power Plant Off-Grid Microhydro - Photovoltaic Array with the help of software HOMER 2 version 2.81. Utilization of Hybrid Power Plant System can overcome the electrical problems in Bayang Janiah village, Nagari Koto Ranah, Bayang Utara Subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan District that is far from the reach of the grid and can improve the reliability of electricity economically in which initially operated only 12 hours/day sourced from microhydro power plant only, can be upgraded to full operation 24 hours/day. From the analysis that has been conducted, obtained monthly discharge of Bayang Janiah river availability using dependable discharge F. J. Mock 90% of 102 L/s to 14 m of effective head is able to move the hydro turbine to produce power of about 11,3 kW. Meanwhile, for an array of photovoltaic systems produce power equal to 8.4 kW with a number of solar modules by 84 modules and the number of battery 6 V 1.091 Ah required 8 units and a bidirectional converter with a total capacity of 10 kW, totaling 2 units. HOMER simulation results show that the determination of the configuration of the hybrid power plant system design most optimal for application in Bayang Janiah village lowest Total NPC is based on the integration between microhydro - photovoltaic array - battery bank - bidirectional converter. On the optimal system configuration, microhydro contribution of 78.945 kWh/yr, a photovoltaic array of 11.404 kWh/yr, with a Total NPC of $ 146.041, Levelized COE of $ 0,525/kWh, while the electrical energy consumption of 30.668 kWh per year and has excess energy of 59.608 kWh/yr, so it can meet the needs of household electricity to 56 households as well as social facilities in the village.
Keywords: Off-Grid Hybrid Power System Microhydro-Photovoltaic Array, Optimization Design, Simulation, HOMER, Total NPC, Levelized COE
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