Analisa Perbaikan Profil Tegangan Sistem Tenaga Listrik Sumbar Menggunakan Kapasitor Bank dan Tap Transformator
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Abstract
Voltage stability evaluation is needed to get the information of electrical power distribution system performance. Power flow calculation is used to determine the important parameters of power system in a steady state. An electric power system must have voltage value that does not exceed the limits of tolerance and the power loss as well as small. The improvement of voltage profile can be done by using voltage-control equipments, such as capacitor banks and transformer tap. Through simulation using the PowerWorld simulator, the value and location of capacitor banks and transformers tap will obtained in order to improve system performace. Sumbar electrical system was used in this study. From the simulation results, for the initial condition of the system, there are several buses that have voltage drop with total system losses 14.4 MW. After capacitor added, the system voltage has increased significantly so that no one passed the value of tolerance and the losses in the system down to 14.1 MW. As for setting the ratio of tap transformer, voltage system did not change so much, except on the secondary side of the transformer bus arranged with system losses almost the same that equal to 14.4 MW. For the case of the addition of the capacitor and transformer tap settings in the same time, the voltage drop no longer exceeds 5% and the total system losses decreased to 13.9 MW.
Keywords :Voltage stability, Capacitor bank, Tap transformator, Voltage drop, and System losses.
Abstrak-Evaluasi stabilitas tegangan perlu dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi performasi sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik. Perhitungan analisa aliran daya digunakan untuk menentukan parameter-parameter penting sistem tenaga listrik dalam keadaan tunak. Suatu sistem tenaga listrik yang baik harus memiliki nilai tegangan yang tidak melebihi batas toleransi serta rugi-rugi daya yang kecil. Perbaikan profil tegangan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan peralatan pengatur tegangan, yaitu kapasitor bank dan tap transformator. Melalui simulasi menggunakan PowerWorld simulator akan diperoleh nilai dan lokasi kapasitor bank dan tap transformator yang tepat untuk memperbaiki performasi sistem. Sistem kelistrikan Sumbar digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil simulasi, untuk kondisi awal sistem, terdapat beberapa bus yang mengalami drop tegangan dengan total rugi-rugi sistem sebesar 14,4 MW. Setelah penambahan kapasitor, tegangan sistem mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan sehingga tidak ada yang melewati nilai toleransi dan rugi-rugi sistem turun menjadi 14,1 MW. Sedangkan untuk pengaturan rasio tap transformator, tegangan sistem tidak mengalami perubahan yang begitu besar, kecuali pada sisi sekunder transformator bus yang yang diatur dengan rugi-rugi sistem hampir sama yaitu sebesar 14,4 MW. Untuk kasus penambahan kapasitor dan pengaturan rasio tap transformator sekaligus, tidak ada lagi drop tegangan yang melebihi dari 5 % dan total rugi-rugi sistem turun menjadi 13,9 MW.
Kata Kunci : Stabilitas tegangan, Kapasitor bank, Tap transformator, Drop tegangan, dan Rugi-rugi sistem.
References
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