Karakteristik Medan Listrik Atmosfer Kota Padang dan Hubungannya dengan Sambaran Petir Awan ke Tanah
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Abstract
The possibility of using Electric Field Mill data as parameter of lightning warning sistem requires atmospheric electric field data comparisons with lightning detection sistems. Transient electric field from lightning detektor compare with continues atmospheric electric field during thunderstorm.Based on atmospheric electric field measurement in Padang during the period of January - August 2015 there were 219 times thunderstorm events. In the event of thunderstorm,there is one or two thunderstorm event per day with average thunderstorm duration 173.48 minute per thunderstorm. There is no relations between the number of cloud to ground lightning strikes with the duration of the thunderstorm. Thunderstorm with 634 minute duration produces 2 cloud to ground lightning strikes while thunderstorm with shorter duration for 114 minute produces 13 cloud to ground lightning strikes.
Keywords : Thunderstorm, Atmospheric Electric Field,Electric Field Mill
Abstrak—Penggunaan data Electric Field Mill (EFM) dalam sistem peringatan bahaya petir membutuhkan kajian perbandingan data medan listrik atmosfer dengan sistem deteksi petir. Data dari detektor petir dibandingkan dengan data perubahan medan litrik statis selama proses badai petir. Berdasarkan pengukuran medan listrik atmosfer di kota Padang selama periode Januari – Agustus 2015 diperoleh data yaitu terdapat sebanyak 219 kali badai petir. Dalam satu hari terjadi satu sampai dua kali badai petir dengan durasi rata rata per badai petir adalah 173,48 menit. Setiap badai petir tidak selalu menghasilkan sambaran petir awan ke tanah. Tidak ada hubungan langsung antara jumlah sambaran petir awan ke tanah dengan lamanya durasi badai petir. Badai petir dengan durasi terlama pada tanggal 12 April 2015 dengan durasi 638 menit menghasilkan 2 kali sambaran petir awan ke tanah. Sedangkan badai petir pada 30 Januari 2015 dengan durasi 114 menit bisa menghasilkan 13 kali sambaran petir awan ke tanah.
Kata Kunci : Badai Petir, Medan Listrik Atmosfer, Electric Field Mill
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