Studi Pengaruh Arcing Terhadap Karakteristik Dielektrik Minyak Sawit
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Abstract
This paper discusses the dielectric properties of palm oil due to the arcing. Arcing was generated by applying a 50 Hz AC voltage at 25 kV level on the needle-plane electrode pair immersed in four type of samples which are different in arcing application durations (5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes). The dielectric properties like breakdown voltage, dissipation factor and dielectric constant of each sample were then tested. The test on mineral oil and silicone oils were also conducted under the same condition for comparison. Observation shows the presence of particles assembling carbon in the tested oils, whose concentration increased with the increase of arcing duration. The highest concentration was observed in palm oil, while the lowest one was in silicon oil. The breakdown voltage of the tested oils decreased with the increase of particle concentration, with the largest decrease was found in palm oil. Meanwhile, the breakdown voltage of silicon oil relatively unchanged. Dissipation factor of all tested oils was also found to increase with the increase of arcing duration, with the largest and the lowest changes were exhibited by mineral oil and palm oil, respectively. The dielectric constant of all tested oils remains constant during the period of arcing.
Keywords : Arcing, breakdown voltage, dissipation factor, dielectric constant, palm oil
Abstrak
Makalah ini membahas karakteristik dielektrik minyak sawit jenis RBDPO Olein pasca gangguan listrik berupa arcing. Arcing dibangkitkan menggunakan elektroda jarum-plat melalui penerapan tegangan AC 50 Hz, 25 kVrms, dalam empat macam sampel dengan durasi yang bervariasi dari 5, 10, 15 hingga 20 menit. Karakteristik dielektrik berupa tegangan tembus, faktor disipasi dan konstanta dielektrik masing-masing sampel kemudian diuji. Sebagai pembanding, pengujian juga dilakukan terhadap minyak mineral dan minyak silikon dengan dengan kondisi dan perlakuan yang sama. Hasil observasi menunjukkan kehadiran partikel-partikel hitam menyerupai arang dalam minyak, yang konsentrasinya meningkat dengan bertambahnya durasi arcing. Konsentrasi paling tinggi ditemukan dalam minyak sawit dan paling sedikit dalam minyak silikon. Tegangan tembus minyak berkurang seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi partikel dalam minyak. Penurunan tegangan tembus paling besar dialami oleh minyak sawit, sedangkan tegangan tembus minyak silikon nyaris tidak berubah. Menariknya, peningkatan faktor disipasi terbesar dialami oleh minyak mineral, lalu diikuti oleh minyak silikon. Sedangkan konstanta dielektrik ketiga minyak tidak terpengaruh oleh kehadiran partikel hasil degradasi minyak.
Kata Kunci : Arcing, faktor disipasi, konstanta dielektrik, minyak sawit dan tegangan tembus
References
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