Pemilihan Relai Proteksi Anti Islanding untuk Pembangkit Tersebar
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Keywords
Abstract
Regulation of grid connected distributed generation (DG) in various countries states that in the event of disconnection of the grid, DG(s) must be disconnected from the distribution networks. This because an unplanned islanding can cause several hazard such as: failure of protection relays to detect faults, unsynchronized grid connection, electrocute risk for electrical workers and uncontrolled voltage and frequency in the network. There several anti-islanding protection with different detection methods that can be choose. Therefore, a suitable protection must be selected carefully. Sensitivity of anti-islanding relays are influenced by DG’s generation technology. In this paper, a method to select an anti-islanding protection is proposed. The selection is based on DG’s capacity, generating technology and cost. The proposed method has been applied to a case study of synchronous machine DG. At the beginning there is a doubt that a ROCOF protection may not be a suitable choice because DG’s capacity quite closed to the maximum load in the network. But, after a rigorous analysis it shows that ROCOF protection can be applied to the DG with good sensitivity
Keywords : Anti-islanding protection, Distributed Generation and ROCOF
Abstrak
Dalam aturan penyambungan pembangkit tersebar (PT) ke grid di berbagai negara, terdapat aturan bahwa jika grid terputus dari jaringan distribusi (islanding), PT harus segera diputuskan dari jaringan. Hal ini dilakukan untuk mencegah bahaya yang ditimbulkan oleh operasi islanding yang tidak direncanakan. Bahaya tersebut antara lain: peralatan proteksi yang ada akan gagal mendeteksi gangguan, penyambungan kembali grid tanpa sinkronisasi, bahaya tersengat listrik pada pekerja, serta tegangan dan frekuensi yang dihasilkan tidak terkontrol. Ada beberapa pilihan relai anti islanding yang dapat digunakan. Relai-relai anti islanding ini memiliki cara deteksi yang berbeda satu dengan lainnya, sehingga perlu dipilih metoda yang paling sesuai. Sensitivitas sebuah relai akan tergantung teknologi pembangkitan yang dimiliki oleh PT. Karena itu diusulkan sebuah metoda pemilihan relai anti islanding yang didasarkan tidak hanya dari teknologi pembangkitan yang digunakan, tapi juga kapasitas PT dan biaya yang harus dikeluarkan untuk pengadaan proteksi tersebut. Aplikasi metoda yang diusulkan pada kasus PT dengan teknologi generator sinkron menunjukkan bahwa metoda ini berhasil memilih peralatan yang sesuai, yaitu relai ROCOF. Walaupun pada awal analisa ada kekhawatiran relai ini tidak cukup sensitif akibat kedekatan keluaran PT dengan beban maksimum, namun dengan analisa yang lebih detail diperoleh relai ROCOF cocok untuk diaplikasikan.
Kata Kunci : Proteksi anti islanding, Pembangkit tersebar dan ROCOF
References
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