The Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro (JNTE) upholds the highest standards of research integrity and adheres to the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines in handling allegations of research misconduct. The journal implements strict policies to identify, investigate, and address any form of misconduct, including but not limited to plagiarism, citation manipulation, data falsification, and fabrication.

Responsibilities of Publishers and Editors

To maintain research integrity, JNTE ensures the following measures are taken:

• Plagiarism screening: All submitted manuscripts are checked using Turnitin to detect plagiarism.
• Data verification: Editors ensure the integrity of research data and require proper citation of sources.
• Transparency: The peer review process remains objective, fair, and unbiased.
• Ethical oversight: Any suspicion of unethical practices is thoroughly investigated before publication.

Types of Research Misconduct

Plagiarism

• Directly copying or reproducing text, ideas, images, or data without proper attribution.
• Self-plagiarism (redundant publication) without appropriate citation.

Data Fabrication and Falsification

• Manipulating data, images, or research results to misrepresent findings.
• Fabricating non-existent research data.

Citation Manipulation

• Artificially increasing citations to favor an author or journal.
• Engaging in coercive citation practices.

Authorship Misconduct

• Ghost authorship: Excluding an individual who made a significant research contribution.
• Guest authorship: Listing individuals who did not contribute to the research.

Duplicate and Redundant Publication

• Submitting the same manuscript simultaneously to multiple journals.
• Republishing previously published work without proper citation.

Investigation Process

Allegation Submission
Misconduct allegations can be reported by editors, reviewers, readers, or institutions with supporting evidence.

Initial Assessment
The Editor-in-Chief conducts an initial evaluation and consults the editorial board if necessary.

Investigation Procedures
If misconduct is suspected:

• The editor contacts the corresponding author to request an explanation.
• The author is given time to respond and clarify the situation.
• If the response is unsatisfactory, further investigation is conducted.

Actions Taken in Cases of Misconduct

Severity	Action Taken
Minor ethical breaches (e.g., citation errors)	The author is required to correct errors.
Moderate misconduct (e.g., self-plagiarism)	A formal warning is issued, and revisions are required.
Severe misconduct (e.g., major plagiarism, data fabrication)	The manuscript is rejected or retracted.
Repeated or extreme violations	The author may be banned from future submissions.

Retraction and Correction Policies

• Erratum (Correction): Issued for minor factual errors that do not affect the study’s integrity.
• Expression of Concern: Issued when an investigation is ongoing, and concerns about the study's validity arise.
• Retraction: Enforced when an article violates ethical standards, such as plagiarism, falsified data, or serious errors that compromise research validity.

Appeals and Dispute Resolution

• Authors may appeal editorial decisions by submitting supporting evidence.
• Appeals are reviewed by an independent panel.
• The final decision is binding and cannot be contested further.

Compliance with International Standards

JNTE adheres to COPE’s Core Practices and follows ethical guidelines established by:

• COPE (Committee on Publication Ethics)
• ICMJE (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors)
• DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals) Best Practices

For ethical concerns, please contact: jnte@eng.unand.ac.id