Optimizing Lightning Arrester Selection for 275kV EHV Substations: A Comparison of Overvoltage Analysis with Software and Manual Calculations
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Keywords
electromagnetic transient, temporary overvoltage, insulation coordination, lightning arrester, high voltage
Abstract
A substation is one of the essential aspects of an electrically interconnected system, especially in a grid utility. Power generation, transmission, and distribution systems always need a continuous power supply to the customer. In high voltage and extra high voltage substation, operation schemes during abnormal and normal conditions may cause transient overvoltage in the system, one of which is temporary overvoltage. Temporary overvoltage analysis is needed to validate the rated system voltage within the limit of the substation equipment’s insulation level, including the rating of the lightning arrester. This research will select a lightning arrester with the standard approach IEC 60099-5 and software simulation on a computer. Conducted temporary overvoltage analysis using software simulation, which resulted in a value of 2.02 pu higher than the operating voltage. This slightly differs from the IEC 60099-5 standard, which recommends a value of 1.6 pu of operating voltage. Software simulation is beneficial as it models the system according to specific network parameters, leading to an optimal selection when compared to standards with different approaches to results based on varying network parameters. Temporary overvoltage analysis could help determine the correct rating of the lightning arrester and further mitigation, such as line compensation, switching technique, and load management, ultimately leading to reliability in substation equipment and interconnection system networks.
References
[2] H. Ghoddami and A. Yazdani, “A Mitigation Strategy for Temporary Overvoltages Caused by Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 413–420, Jun. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TEC.2014.2364033.
[3] A. Abdullah and B. Yancey, “A Reduced Order Model for a TOV Study in a Solar PV Project,” in 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialist Conference (PVSC), Washington, DC: IEEE, Jun. 2017, pp. 2128–2134. doi: 10.1109/PVSC.2017.8521539.
[4] A. Cerretti, F. M. Gatta, A. Geri, S. Lauria, M. Maccioni, and G. Valtorta, “Temporary overvoltages due to ground faults in MV networks,” in 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech, Bucharest, Romania: IEEE, Jun. 2009, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1109/PTC.2009.5282140.
[5] B. Rittong and S. Sirisumrannukul, “Assessment of Voltage Sag and Temporary Overvoltage for Neutral Grounding Resistance in Distribution System,” in 2019 IEEE PES GTD Grand International Conference and Exposition Asia (GTD Asia), Bangkok, Thailand: IEEE, Mar. 2019, pp. 796–801. doi: 10.1109/GTDAsia.2019.8715885.
[6] H. Saad and S. Dennetiere, “Study on TOV after Fault Recovery in VSC based HVDC systems,” in 2019 IEEE Milan PowerTech, Milan, Italy: IEEE, Jun. 2019, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/PTC.2019.8810479.
[7] I. Sadeghkhani, A. Ketabi, and R. Feuillet, “Estimation of Temporary Overvoltages during Power System Restoration using Artificial Neural Network,” in 2009 15th International Conference on Intelligent System Applications to Power Systems, Curitiba: IEEE, Nov. 2009, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/ISAP.2009.5352836.
[8] S. Carsimamovic, Z. Bajramovic, O. Hadzic, and A. Carsimamovic, “Modeling and Calculation of Switching Overvoltages in 400 kV Electrical Networks,” in EUROCON 2005 - The International Conference on “Computer as a Tool,” Belgrade, Serbia and Montenegro: IEEE, 2005, pp. 1521–1524. doi: 10.1109/EURCON.2005.1630254.
[9] A. Kalyuzhny, “Analysis of Temporary Overvoltages During Open-Phase Faults in Distribution Networks With Resonant Grounding,” IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 30, no. 1, pp. 420–427, Feb. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2014.2327074.
[10] D. Yang, Z. Xiang, R. Song, L. Shen, P. Zhou, and Y. Yang, “Research on Temporary Overvoltage in PMSG-based Wind Power Transmission System in case of Load Rejection,” in 2020 5th Asia Conference on Power and Electrical Engineering (ACPEE), Chengdu, China: IEEE, Jun. 2020, pp. 469–474. doi: 10.1109/ACPEE48638.2020.9136353.
[11] A. Chennamadhavuni, K. Kumar Munji, and R. Bhimasingu, “Investigation of transient and temporary overvoltages in a wind farm,” in 2012 IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology (POWERCON), Auckland, New Zealand: IEEE, Oct. 2012, pp. 1–6. doi: 10.1109/PowerCon.2012.6401440.
[12] G. Kou et al., “Load Rejection Overvoltage of Utility-Scale Distributed Solar Generation,” IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 2113–2116, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.1109/TPWRD.2019.2951949.
[13] T. Sakurai, K. Murotani, and K. Oonishi, “Suppression of Temporary Overvoltages Caused by Transformer and AC Filter Inrush Currents at the Shin-Shinano Frequency Converter Station,” IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst., vol. PAS-100, no. 4, pp. 1608–1613, Apr. 1981, doi: 10.1109/TPAS.1981.316549.
[14] T. T. Quoc, S. L. Du, D. P. Van, N. N. Khac, and L. T. Dinh, “Temporary overvoltages in the Vietnam 500 kV transmission line,” in ESMO ’98 - 1998 IEEE 8th International Conference on Transmission and Distribution Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance Proceedings ESMO ’98 Proceedings. ESMO 98 The Power is in Your Hands, Orlando, FL, USA: IEEE, 1996, pp. 225–230. doi: 10.1109/TDCLLM.1998.668378.
[15] R. A. Walling, “Overvoltage protection and arrester selection for large wind plants,” in 2008 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition, Chicago, IL, USA: IEEE, Apr. 2008, pp. 1–5. doi: 10.1109/TDC.2008.4517283.
[16] C. Lothongkam, T. Patcharoen, and S. Yoomak, “Effect of the drop out fuse connection scheme on the overvoltage and the surge arrester in a distribution system,” Energy Rep., vol. 9, pp. 41–47, Oct. 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2023.08.058.
[17] M. V. Lat, “Determining temporary overvoltage levels for application of metal oxide surge arresters on multigrounded distribution systems,” IEEE Trans. Power Deliv., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 936–946, Apr. 1990, doi: 10.1109/61.53105.
[18] X. Liu, H. Xin, D. Zheng, and B. Cao, “Temporary overvoltage assessment and suppression in heterogeneous renewable energy power systems,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 155, p. 109472, Jan. 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2023.109472.
[19] M. Yoon, X. Zhang, and S. Choi, “Strategic intentional islanding method considering temporary overvoltage in disaster situations,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 165, p. 110488, Apr. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.110488.
[20] R. M. Arias Velásquez, “Transient analysis of temporary overvoltage and cable faults in underground medium voltage systems,” Results Eng., vol. 25, p. 103875, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103875.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
The authors declare that:
1. This paper has not been published in the same form elsewhere.
2. It will not be submitted anywhere else for publication prior to acceptance/rejection by this Journal.
3. A copyright permission is obtained for materials published elsewhere and which require this permission for reproduction.