Smart Door Locking System for Children Using HC-SR04 and IoT Technology
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Keywords
Safety, accident, Children, Automatic Door Lock, IoT
Abstract
The increasing incidence of minors accessing hazardous indoor areas—such as staircases, balconies, and rooms with sharp objects—raises serious safety concerns, often due to insufficient parental supervision. This study proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based automatic door lock system to enhance child safety in home environments. The system integrates dual ultrasonic sensors for distance and height detection, a KY-037 sound sensor, and an ESP32-CAM for real-time video monitoring, all accessible via a web interface. A key novelty lies in the integration of multi-sensor spatial awareness with live surveillance, enabling automated control and proactive safety features. Tested on ten children aged 4 to 6 years, the system achieved a 90% success rate in locking the door when a child under 120 cm approached within 1 meter, with an average response time of approximately 2 seconds. A sound-based alarm is also triggered when noise levels exceed 120 decibels, serving as an emergency alert. However, a 10% false negative rate was observed when children were detected at distances of 1.3 to 1.5 meters, suggesting the need for further sensor calibration. Overall, the system demonstrates strong potential as a scalable and cost-effective smart home safety solution, combining automation, real-time monitoring, and child-specific access control. Future work should focus on improving detection accuracy and extending functionality for multi-object scenarios.
References
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[25] RAN Rifqah, SW Suciyati, A. Surtono, and GA Pauzi, "Design of a Classroom Noise Monitoring Tool Using a KY-037 Sound Sensor Based on Wemos D1R1," Journal of Energy, Materials, and Instrumentation Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 125–135, Nov. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.23960/jemit.v4i4.118. Available: https://jemit.fmipa.unila.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/118/81
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[33] LP Hapsari, RP Pasaribu, and I. Anjani, "The Use of An Arduino Uno Ultrasonic Sensor in Desalination Equipment's Water Filling Control," Circuit: Journal Electrical Engineering Education Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 164172, Aug. 2023, Available: https://jurnal.arraniry.ac.id/index.php/circuit/article/view/15567/8784
[34] N. Sarkar et al., “AI-Based Smart Delivery System Using Image Processing and Computer Vision,” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1255– 1263, Dec. 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.15157/IJITIS.2023.6.4.1255.Available:https://www.ijitis.org/index.php/ijitis/article/view/144/141
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[36] G. Lulla, A. Kumar, G. Pole, and G. Deshmukh, "IoT-based Smart Security and Surveillance System," 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), Mar. 2021, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/esci50559.2021.9396843
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[2] M. Focardi et al., “Trend in 167 cases of minors witnessing violence: The role played by COVID-19 pandemic,” Frontiers in Pediatrics, vol. 10, Oct. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.949922
[3] G. Surla, Srinithya Manepalli, Nabi Arshad Shaik, and Naga Saritha Gurram, "IoT and Face Recognition based Automated Door Lock System," Mar. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/icears56392.2023.10085609.
[4] E. Ahliodzic and E. Sokic, “Development of a Wi-Fi based car gate remote control and supervision system,” 2020 28th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR ), Nov. 2020, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/telfor51502.2020.9306607
[5] Andreas, CR Aldawira, HW Putra, N. Hanafiah, S. Surjarwo, and A. Wibisurya, "Door Security System for Home Monitoring Based on ESP32," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 157, pp. 673–682, Jan. 2019, doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.08.218.Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/scence/article/pii/S1877050919311378
[6] R.B. Salikhov, VK Abdrakhmanov, and IN Safargalin, "Internet of Things (IoT) Security Alarms on ESP32-CAM," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 2096, no. 1, p. 012109, Nov. 2021, doi:https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012109
[7] A. Madhavi, Dhruv Uniyal, A. Jula, S. Sai, and John Nikhil Bonam, “Smart Parking Assistant: Integrating Ultrasonic Sensors and IoT for Enhanced Driver Experience,” E3S web of conferences, vol. 391, pp. 0114301143, Jan. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101143
[8] QI Sarhan, “Arduino Based Smart Home Warning System,” IEEEXplore, Jul. 01, 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSSE50399.2020.9171939. Available: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9171939
[9] RA Sowah et al., “Design of a Secure Wireless Home Automation System with an Open Home Automation Bus( OpenHAB2)Framework,” JournalofSensors, Oct. 30, 2020.Available:https://www.hindawi.com/journals/js/2020/8868602/
[10] M. Vijarania, V. Jaglan, and A. Sanjay, "Security Surveillance and Home Automation Systems using IoT," EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities, p. 165963, Aug. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-7-2020.165963
[11] A. Chakraborty, M. Islam, F. Shahriyar, S. Islam, HU Zaman, and M. Hasan, “Smart Home Systems: A Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 2023, p. e7616683, Mar. 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7616683.Available:https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2023/7616683/
[12] S. Pandya et al., "Smart Home Anti-Theft System: A Novel Approach for Near RealtimeRealtime Monitoring and Smart Home Security for Wellness Protocol," Applied System Innovation, vol. 1, no. 4, p. 42, Oct. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/asi1040042
[13] Arrum Sekarwati , Syaifudin Syaifudin , Torib Hamzah, and S. Misra, "Sensor Accuracy Analysis on Incubator Analyzer to Measure Noise and Airflow Parameters," Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 135–143, Jul. 2022, doi : https://doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v4i3.227
[14] CO Akanbi, IK Ogundoyin, JO Akintola, and K. Ameenah, "A Prototype Model of an IoT-based Door System using Double-access Fingerprint Technique," Nigerian Journal of Technological Development, vol. 17,no.2, Aug.2020,doi:https://doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v17i2.Available: https://www.ajol.info/index.php/njtd/article/view/1903
[15] R. Athalla and S. Mandala, "Analysis of Smart Home Security System Design Based on Facial Recognition With Application of Deep Learning," KLIK: Scientific Study Informatics and Computers, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 680–687, Jun. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.30865/klik.v3i6.855. Available: https://www.djournals. Com/click/article/view/855/528
[16] F. Yusuf Aji Cahyono, N. Suharto, and LD Mustafa, "Design and Build a Home Security System based on an ESP32 Cam Microcontroller with Telegram Notification," Journal Jartel Journal Telecommunication Networks, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 58–64, Jun. 2022, doi:https://doi.org/10.33795/jartel.v12i2.296
[17] G. Lulla, A. Kumar, G. Pole, and G. Deshmukh, "IoT-based Smart Security and Surveillance System," 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), Mar. 2021, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/esci50559.2021.9396843
[18] A. Chakraborty, M. Islam, F. Shahriyar, S. Islam, HU Zaman, and M. Hasan, “Smart Home System: A Comprehensive Review,” Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol . 2023, p.e7616683, Mar 2023doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/7616683.Available:https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jece/2023/76166
[19] LP Hapsari, RP Pasaribu, and I. Anjani, "The Use of An Arduino Uno Ultrasonic Sensor in Desalination Equipment's Water Filling Control," Circuit: Journal Electrical Engineering Education Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 164172, Aug. 2023, Available: https://jurnal.arraniry.ac.id/index.php/circuit/article/view/15567/8784
[20] M.A. Hoque and C. Davidson, “Design and Implementation of an IoT-Based Smart Home Security System,” International Journal of Networked and Distributed Computing, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 85, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.2991/ijndc.k.190326.004.
[21] Ramadhan Rizki Setyadi, Istikmal, and Arif Indra Irawan, "Smart Safe Prototype Based Internet of Things (IoT) with Face and Fingerprint Recognition," 2020 3rd International Seminar on Research of Information Technology and Intelligent Systems (ISRITI), Dec. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/isriti51436.2020.9315430
[22] AD Limantara et al., "Modeling of Automatic Door at Railroad Crossing Without Guard Based on Internet of Things in Indonesia," International Journal of Integrated Engineering, vol. 12, no. 9, Dec. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2020.12.09.017
[23] “Automatic Railway Gate Control System Using 8051micro Controller,” International Journal of ChemTech Research, 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.20902/ijctr.2018.110407
[24] A. Hafizh, N. Kholis, M.S. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/PROTOTYPE-OF-EARLY-WARNING-SYSTEM-FOR-HOME-DOOR-ON-Hafizh-Kholis/07616281397254d69a06d4c9c42a1f63f8303ee
[25] RAN Rifqah, SW Suciyati, A. Surtono, and GA Pauzi, "Design of a Classroom Noise Monitoring Tool Using a KY-037 Sound Sensor Based on Wemos D1R1," Journal of Energy, Materials, and Instrumentation Technology, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 125–135, Nov. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.23960/jemit.v4i4.118. Available: https://jemit.fmipa.unila.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/view/118/81
[26] MK Rusydi, "Comparison Of Sensor Ky-037, Sensor Fc-04, And Sensor Gy Max4466 For Motorcycle Exhaust Noise Measurements Based On Sound Pressure," eprints.uty.ac.id, 2023. Available: https://eprints .uty.ac.id/12230/
[27] Ayu Afifah Al-Farzaq, Harmadi Harmadi, and Elvaswer Elvaswer, "Wireless Data Logger Instrument for Indoor Acoustic Quality Measurement Based on Noise Background, Sound Distribution and Reverberation Time," Journal Knowledge Physics (JIF), vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 37–44, Feb.2022,doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jif.14.1.37-44.2022
[28] A. Ridwan and T. Pangaribowo, "Design of Prototype Aircraft Noise Monitoring System Using Microcontroller," International Journal of Advanced Technology in Mechanical, Mechatronics and Materials, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 87–92, Nov. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.37869/ijatec.v2i2.49
[29] Arrum Sekarwati , Syaifudin Syaifudin , Torib Hamzah, and S. Misra, "Sensor Accuracy Analysis on Incubator Analyzer to Measure Noise and Airflow Parameters," Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics , vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 135–143, Jul. 2022, doi : https://doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v4i3.227
[30] R. Athalla and S. Mandala, "Analysis of Smart Home Security System Design Based on Facial Recognition With Application of Deep Learning," KLIK: Scientific Study Informatics and Computers, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 680– 687, Jun. 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.30865/klik.v3i6.855. Available: https://www.djournals. Com/click/article/view/855/528
[31] IP Hanggara and FA Rakhmadi, "Design of Prototype Home Door Security System Based on Solenoid Door Lock, Magnetic Sensor, Microcontroller Nodemcu Esp8266 and Blynk Application," Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 22–23, Feb. 2021, Available: https://sunankalijaga.org/prosiding/index.php/icse/article/view/613/585
[32] Y. Hasan, Abdurrahman, Y. Wijanarko, S. Muslimin, and R. Maulidda, "The Automatic Door Lock to Enhance Security in RFID Systems," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1500, p. 012132, Apr. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1500/1/012132
[33] LP Hapsari, RP Pasaribu, and I. Anjani, "The Use of An Arduino Uno Ultrasonic Sensor in Desalination Equipment's Water Filling Control," Circuit: Journal Electrical Engineering Education Science, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 164172, Aug. 2023, Available: https://jurnal.arraniry.ac.id/index.php/circuit/article/view/15567/8784
[34] N. Sarkar et al., “AI-Based Smart Delivery System Using Image Processing and Computer Vision,” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Interdisciplinary Sciences, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1255– 1263, Dec. 2023, doi:https://doi.org/10.15157/IJITIS.2023.6.4.1255.Available:https://www.ijitis.org/index.php/ijitis/article/view/144/141
[35] S. Yasmin, "Fingerprint Door Lock System Using Arduino," www.theseus.fi, 2023. Available: https://www.theseus.fi/handle/10024/799998
[36] G. Lulla, A. Kumar, G. Pole, and G. Deshmukh, "IoT-based Smart Security and Surveillance System," 2021 International Conference on Emerging Smart Computing and Informatics (ESCI), Mar. 2021, doi:https://doi.org/10.1109/esci50559.2021.9396843
[37] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), "Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS)," [Online]. Available: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html.
[36] M. Vijarania, V. Jaglan, and A. Sanjay, "Security Surveillance and Home Automation Systems using IoT," EAI Endorsed Transactions on Smart Cities, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-12, Aug. 2020, doi: 10.4108/eai.21-7-2020.165963.
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Melinda, M., Yunidar, Y., Khairia, S., Miftahujjannah, R., Sakarkar, G., & Basir, N. (2025). Smart Door Locking System for Children Using HC-SR04 and IoT Technology. Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro, 14(2), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v14n2.1293.2025
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