Techno-Economic Simulation of On-grid PV System at a New Grand Mosque in Bukittinggi using HOMER
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Keywords
Abstract
Mosque is an important building for Muslims worldwide for doing religious activities, such as daily prayers, weekly discourses, and annual celebrations. In many places, mosques are considered appropriate buildings for rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) installation. This study provides a techno-economic analysis of an on-grid PV system in a great mosque. As a case study, Masjid Tablighiyah Garegeh in Bukittinggi is chosen, which is currently under construction with an expected capacity of up to 1,400 people. This study uses HOMER software as a tool to assess optimum configuration for an on-grid PV system. There are four options that is considered in this study: PV-grid, PV-battery-grid, battery-grid, and grid only system . Optimization results showed that both configurations with PV have promising performance; however, an on-grid PV system without battery system is the most optimum configuration. A 40 kWp PV equipped with a 27 kW converter has the least net present cost with USD 6,902, while the cost of energy when implementing the system is only about USD 4.8 cent per kWh. By implementing the system, 57.2 MWh of electricity will be produced from the PV.
References
A. M. Elshurafa, A. M. Alsubaie, A. A. Alabduljabbar, and S. A. Al-Hsaien, “Solar PV on mosque rooftops: Results from a pilot study in Saudi Arabia,” J. Build. Eng., vol. 25, p. 100809, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.jobe.2019.100809.
L. Abdallah and T. El-Shennawy, “An initiative towards transforming mosques in Egypt to be environment-friendly and energy saving,” 2017.
Y. EL Fouih, A. Allouhi, J. Abdelmajid, T. Kousksou, and Y. Mourad, “Post Energy Audit of Two Mosques as a Case Study of Intermittent Occupancy Buildings: Toward more Sustainable Mosques,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 23, p. 10111, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su122310111.
A. M. Elshurafa, S. R. Albardi, S. Bigerna, and C. A. Bollino, “Estimating the learning curve of solar PV balance–of–system for over 20 countries: Implications and policy recommendations,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 196, pp. 122–134, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.016.
M. Mawed, A. Al-Hajj, and A. Shemery, “The Impact of Sustainable Practices on UAE Mosques’ LIfe Cycle Cost,” 2014.
Deloitte, “The Digital Islamic Services landscape,” London, 2015. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-044050-7.50063-x.
Y. B. Almutairi, “Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islamic Affairs Mosque,” J. Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 158–166, 2014.
A. Mustafa et al., “Techno-Economic Analysis of Renewable Power System for a Remote Mosque in Libya,” in the 9th International Conference on Energy & Environment, 2014, pp. 117–125.
E. E. Rashid, S. R. W. Alwi, and Z. A. Manan, “Evaluation of photovoltaic system installation for a mosque in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,” PERINTIS eJournal, vol. 1, 2011.
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, “Jordan’s 6,000 Mosques Will Soon All Have Rooftop Solar,” 2015. https://ieefa.org/jordans-6000-mosques-will-soon-all-have-rooftop-solar/ (accessed Oct. 05, 2021).
K. Alrabie and M. N. Saidan, “A preliminary solar-hydrogen system for Jordan: Impacts assessment and scenarios analysis,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 19, pp. 9211–9223, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.218.
L. Osborne, “Solar Panels Make Morocco’s Mosques a Model for Green Energy,” 2017. https://www.dw.com/en/solar-panels-make-moroccos-mosques-a-model-for-green-energy/a-37583670 (accessed Oct. 06, 2021).
A. Neslen, “Morocco to give 600 mosques a green makeover,” 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/morocco-to-give-600-mosques-a-green-makeover (accessed Oct. 06, 2021).
T. Kousksou et al., “Renewable energy potential and national policy directions for sustainable development in Morocco,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 47, pp. 46–57, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.056.
PLN, “RUPTL 2021-2030.” 2021.
M. R. B. Khan, J. Pasupuleti, and R. Jidin, “Technical and Economic Analysis of Floating PV System for Putra Mosque in Malaysia,” in IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2020, pp. 39–44.
ESDM, Ministerial Regulation No. 28/2016 on Electricity Tariff and Tariff Adjustment. 2016.
ESDM, Ministerial Regulation No. 26/2021 on Grid-connected Rooftop PV. 2021.
S. Iqbal et al., “Feasibility Study and Deployment of Solar Photovoltaic System to Enhance Energy Economics of King Abdullah Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, AJK Pakistan,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 5440–5455, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140723.
D. Gospodinova, K. Milanov, M. Georgiev, and P. Dineff, “Battery Choice According to Weather Conditions of a Hybrid System Designed for a Single-Family House in Bulgaria,” in 2021 13th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF), Sep. 2021, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/BulEF53491.2021.9690792.
N. Boonrach, N. Janjamraj, and K. Bhumkittipich, “Optimal Energy Storage System in Residential Micro-Grid for EV Charging Station Penetration,” in 2021 International Conference on Power, Energy and Innovations (ICPEI), Oct. 2021, pp. 37–40, doi: 10.1109/ICPEI52436.2021.9690687.
M. Purlu, S. Beyarslan, and B. E. Turkay, “Optimal Design of Hybrid Grid-connected Microgrid with Renewable Energy and Storage in a Rural Area in Turkey by Using HOMER,” in 2021 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), Nov. 2021, pp. 263–267, doi: 10.23919/ELECO54474.2021.9677788.
J. Alboali, A. Alsuwaid, M. Aljafar, and M. Khalid, “Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Solar PV Configurations for a Typical House in Dhahran,” in 2021 4th International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies (ISAECT), Dec. 2021, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/ISAECT53699.2021.9668595.
L. Abdallah and T. El-Shennawy, “An initiative towards transforming mosques in Egypt to be environment-friendly and energy saving,” 2017.
Y. EL Fouih, A. Allouhi, J. Abdelmajid, T. Kousksou, and Y. Mourad, “Post Energy Audit of Two Mosques as a Case Study of Intermittent Occupancy Buildings: Toward more Sustainable Mosques,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 23, p. 10111, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.3390/su122310111.
A. M. Elshurafa, S. R. Albardi, S. Bigerna, and C. A. Bollino, “Estimating the learning curve of solar PV balance–of–system for over 20 countries: Implications and policy recommendations,” J. Clean. Prod., vol. 196, pp. 122–134, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.06.016.
M. Mawed, A. Al-Hajj, and A. Shemery, “The Impact of Sustainable Practices on UAE Mosques’ LIfe Cycle Cost,” 2014.
Deloitte, “The Digital Islamic Services landscape,” London, 2015. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-08-044050-7.50063-x.
Y. B. Almutairi, “Peak Shaving Using Grid-Connected Solar Panels Case Study: Ministry of Islamic Affairs Mosque,” J. Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 4, no. 8, pp. 158–166, 2014.
A. Mustafa et al., “Techno-Economic Analysis of Renewable Power System for a Remote Mosque in Libya,” in the 9th International Conference on Energy & Environment, 2014, pp. 117–125.
E. E. Rashid, S. R. W. Alwi, and Z. A. Manan, “Evaluation of photovoltaic system installation for a mosque in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,” PERINTIS eJournal, vol. 1, 2011.
Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis, “Jordan’s 6,000 Mosques Will Soon All Have Rooftop Solar,” 2015. https://ieefa.org/jordans-6000-mosques-will-soon-all-have-rooftop-solar/ (accessed Oct. 05, 2021).
K. Alrabie and M. N. Saidan, “A preliminary solar-hydrogen system for Jordan: Impacts assessment and scenarios analysis,” Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, vol. 43, no. 19, pp. 9211–9223, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.03.218.
L. Osborne, “Solar Panels Make Morocco’s Mosques a Model for Green Energy,” 2017. https://www.dw.com/en/solar-panels-make-moroccos-mosques-a-model-for-green-energy/a-37583670 (accessed Oct. 06, 2021).
A. Neslen, “Morocco to give 600 mosques a green makeover,” 2016. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2016/sep/05/morocco-to-give-600-mosques-a-green-makeover (accessed Oct. 06, 2021).
T. Kousksou et al., “Renewable energy potential and national policy directions for sustainable development in Morocco,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 47, pp. 46–57, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2015.02.056.
PLN, “RUPTL 2021-2030.” 2021.
M. R. B. Khan, J. Pasupuleti, and R. Jidin, “Technical and Economic Analysis of Floating PV System for Putra Mosque in Malaysia,” in IEEE Student Conference on Research and Development (SCOReD), 2020, pp. 39–44.
ESDM, Ministerial Regulation No. 28/2016 on Electricity Tariff and Tariff Adjustment. 2016.
ESDM, Ministerial Regulation No. 26/2021 on Grid-connected Rooftop PV. 2021.
S. Iqbal et al., “Feasibility Study and Deployment of Solar Photovoltaic System to Enhance Energy Economics of King Abdullah Campus, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad, AJK Pakistan,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 5440–5455, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3140723.
D. Gospodinova, K. Milanov, M. Georgiev, and P. Dineff, “Battery Choice According to Weather Conditions of a Hybrid System Designed for a Single-Family House in Bulgaria,” in 2021 13th Electrical Engineering Faculty Conference (BulEF), Sep. 2021, pp. 1–5, doi: 10.1109/BulEF53491.2021.9690792.
N. Boonrach, N. Janjamraj, and K. Bhumkittipich, “Optimal Energy Storage System in Residential Micro-Grid for EV Charging Station Penetration,” in 2021 International Conference on Power, Energy and Innovations (ICPEI), Oct. 2021, pp. 37–40, doi: 10.1109/ICPEI52436.2021.9690687.
M. Purlu, S. Beyarslan, and B. E. Turkay, “Optimal Design of Hybrid Grid-connected Microgrid with Renewable Energy and Storage in a Rural Area in Turkey by Using HOMER,” in 2021 13th International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO), Nov. 2021, pp. 263–267, doi: 10.23919/ELECO54474.2021.9677788.
J. Alboali, A. Alsuwaid, M. Aljafar, and M. Khalid, “Techno-Economic Assessment of Different Solar PV Configurations for a Typical House in Dhahran,” in 2021 4th International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies (ISAECT), Dec. 2021, pp. 1–6, doi: 10.1109/ISAECT53699.2021.9668595.