Optimalisasi Desain Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid Diesel Generator - Photovoltaic Array Menggunakan Homer (Studi Kasus : Desa Sirilogui, Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai)
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Abstract
Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kekurangan pasokan listrik di daerah tertinggal dan terisolir yang tidak terjangkau oleh jaringan listrik PLN, dikarenakan daerah tertinggal pada umumnya memiliki letak geografi dan topografi yang tidak memungkinkan adanya perluasan jaringan listrik PLN. Integrasi dua pembangkit listrik yaitu pembangkit listrik tenaga konvensional (diesel generator) yang bersumber dari bahan bakar minyak (BBM) dengan pembangkit listrik yang bersumber dari energi terbarukan (photovoltaic array) merupakan suatu solusi yang menguntungkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan beban listrik harian di daerah terpencil seperti Desa Sirilogui yang terletak di Kecamatan Siberut Utara Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai, karena dengan integrasi diesel generator-photovoltaic array ini dapat memberikan solusi penerangan 24 jam bagi 310 kepala keluarga (KK) di Desa Sirilogui yang pada mulanya hanya menikmati penerangan selama 4 jam, itupun hanya di malam hari yaitu dari pukul 18.00-22.00 WIB yang bersumber dari 3 unit diesel generator. Dengan adanya integrasi dua pembangkit listrik ini, pengoperasian diesel generator dapat diminimalisir sehingga menghemat pemakaian BBM dan mengurangi emisi CO2 yang ditimbulkan akibat pengoperasian diesel generator. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pembahasan mengenai Optimalisasi Desain Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid Diesel Generator-Photovoltaic Array dengan menggunakan HOMER sebagai alat bantu simulasinya. HOMER merupakan perangkat lunak yang dipergunakan untuk membantu menyederhanakan tugas modeler dalam mengevaluasi desain sistem pembangkit listrik tenaga hybrid yang memungkinkan dengan mengurutkan berdasarkan pada total net present cost (TNPC) terendah untuk mendapatkan sistem yang paling optimal. Pada penelitian ini, hasil desain untuk sistem dengan beban listrik harian sebesar 479,280 kWh yang paling optimal berdasarkan hasil simulasi menggunakan HOMER yaitu photovoltaic berkapasitas 65 kW, 3 unit diesel generator masing-masing berkapasitas 15 kW, 156 unit battery dan bidirectional converter berkapasitas 78 kW dengan TNPC sebesar $ 1.362.474 dan cost of energy (COE) sebesar 1,485 $/kWh. Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid Diesel Generator-Photovoltaic Array diusulkan dapat mengurangi emisi CO2 0,06% per tahun dibandingkan dengan penggunaan diesel generator saja.
Kata Kunci: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Hybrid, Diesel Generator, Photovoltaic Array, HOMER, Optimalisasi, TNPC
Abstract—Hybrid Power Plant is one of the solutions to overcome the shortage of electricity in underdeveloped and isolated areas not covered by PLN electricity network, due to underdeveloped regions generally have the geography and topography that does not allow for expansion of PLN electricity network. Integration of the two power plants is a conventional power plant (diesel generator) that comes from fuel oil (BBM) with power plants sourced from renewable energy (photovoltaic arrays) is an advantageous solution to meet the needs of daily electricity load in remote areas such as the Village Sirilogui located in the District of North Siberut Mentawai Islands, because the integration of photovoltaic arrays diesel generator can provide 24 hour lighting solution for 310 households (families) in the village Sirilogui which at first only enjoy the lighting for 4 hours, and even then only at night days, from 06.00 to 10.00 pm o'clock sourced from 3 units of diesel generator. With the integration of these two power plants, diesel generator operation can be minimized so it saves fuel consumption and reduce CO2 emissions caused by the operation of the diesel generator. This study focuses the discussion on Design Optimization of Hybrid Power Plant System Diesel Generator-Photovoltaic Array by using HOMER as a tool for simulation. HOMER software is used to help simplify the task of the modeler in evaluating the design of hybrid power plant system that allows to sort based on the total net present cost (TNPC), the lowest for the most optimal system. In this study, the results of the design for the system with the daily electricity load of 479,280 kWh most optimal based on the simulation results using HOMER ie photovoltaic capacity of 65 kW, 3 units of diesel generators with a capacity of each 15 kW, 156 units of battery and bidirectional converter with a capacity of 78 kW TNPC amounted to $ 1.362.474 and the cost of energy (COE) of $ 1,485/kWh. Hybrid Power Plant System Diesel Generator-Photovoltaic Array proposed can reduce CO2 emissions by 0,06% per year compared with the use of diesel generators only.
Keywords: Hybrid Power Plant, Diesel Generator, Photovoltaic Array, HOMER, Optimization, TNPC
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