The Efficiency of MPPT in Mitigating the Effects of Partial Shading on Power Stability through the MPNO Method
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Keywords
EV Charging Stations, Solar Panels, Partial Shading, Boost Converter, MPPT Algorithm
Abstract
An electric vehicle charging station (EV charging station) is an infrastructure designed to charge electricity for electric vehicles. However, most EV charging stations still rely on fossil energy sources. Innovation is needed to overcome this problem. One of them is through the use of solar panels. Using solar panels on the CBMS turns it into a clean and environmentally friendly energy source. However, environmental factors such as weather significantly affect the energy conversion produced by solar panels. Panels that are covered by trees and tall buildings cause partial shading conditions. Partial shading conditions can result in a direct decrease in PV output power. To overcome this, output power optimization using a DC-DC converter is required. The MPPT boost converter system with a modified P&O method is designed to maximize the output power of solar panels when partial shading occurs. The test results show that the developed system can maximize the output power of solar panels in partial shading conditions with an average power increase of 8.13 and an efficiency of 91%. This method can reduce the negative impact of changes in light intensity, keep the system close to the maximum power point, and improve the efficiency of charging electric vehicles at SPKL during unstable weather conditions. However, the modified P&O method is less effective in maximizing the output power in standard solar panels. This research does not address the effectiveness of solar panels concerning temperature, humidity, and dust.
References
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[23] A. B. Djilali, A. Yahdou, E. Bounadja, H. Benbouhenni, D. Zellouma, and I. Colak, “Energy management of the hybrid power system based on improved intelligent Perturb and Observe control using battery storage systems,” Energy Reports, vol. 11, no. January, pp. 1611–1626, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.01.010.
[24] Z. Wang and F. Ni, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Improved Kepler Optimization Algorithm and Optimized Perturb & Observe under Partial Shading Conditions,” Energy Eng., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–10, 2024, doi: 10.32604/ee.2024.055535.
[25] S. Javed and K. Ishaque, “A comprehensive analyses with new findings of different PSO variants for MPPT problem under partial shading,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 101680, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.101680.
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[28] H. Wang, L. Li, H. Ye, and W. Zhao, “Enhancing MPPT efficiency in PV systems under partial shading: A hybrid POA&PO approach for rapid and accurate energy harvesting,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 162, no. August, p. 110260, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110260.
[29] A. T. Naser, N. F. Ab Aziz, K. K. Mohammed, K. Binti Kamil, and S. Mekhilef, “A novel hybrid GMPPT method for PV systems to mitigate power oscillations and partial shading detection,” Renew. Energy, vol. 237, no. PA, p. 121520, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121520
[2] G. E. Halkos and E. C. Gkampoura, “Reviewing usage, potentials, and limitations of renewable energy sources,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 11, 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13112906.
[3] A. K. Karmaker, K. Prakash, M. N. I. Siddique, M. A. Hossain, and H. Pota, “Electric vehicle hosting capacity analysis: Challenges and solutions,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 189, no. PA, p. 113916, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113916.
[4] A. Jain and S. Bhullar, “Operating modes of grid integrated PV-solar based electric vehicle charging system- a comprehensive review,” e-Prime - Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy, vol. 8, no. January, p. 100519, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100519.
[5] F. B. Effah, D. Kwegyir, D. Opoku, P. Asigri, and E. A. Frimpong, “Short-Term EV Charging Demand Forecast with Feedforward Artificial Neural Network,” J. Nas. Tek. Elektro, vol. 2, 2023, doi: 10.25077/jnte.v12n2.1094.2023.
[6] B. W. Dionova, R. J. P. S, D. J. Vresdian, and L. P. Pratama, “Evaluation of 300 WP Solar Photovoltaic Panel Performance for Electric Vehicle Charging Station,” vol. 19, no. 03, pp. 80–84, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://dx.doi.org/10.32497/eksergi.v19i03.5008
[7] S. Zu and L. Sun, “Research on location planning of urban charging stations and battery-swapping stations for electric vehicles,” Energy Reports, vol. 8, pp. 508–522, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2022.01.206.
[8] B. Singh and A. Verma, “Control of Solar PV and WEGS Powered EV Charging Station,” 2020 IEEE Transp. Electrif. Conf. Expo, ITEC 2020, pp. 609–614, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ITEC48692.2020.9161704.
[9] A. Haque, N. Mohammad, S. Morsalin, and N. Das, “Mitigation of transient effects due to partial shading in a grid-connected photovoltaic farm through controlled vehicle to grid operation,” Clean. Energy Syst., vol. 7, no. August 2022, p. 100097, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.cles.2023.100097.
[10] F. F. Ahmad, O. Rejeb, A. Kadir Hamid, M. Bettayeb, and C. Ghenai, “Performance analysis and planning of Self-Sufficient solar PV-Powered electric vehicle charging station in dusty conditions for sustainable transport,” Transp. Res. Interdiscip. Perspect., vol. 27, no. August, p. 101214, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.trip.2024.101214.
[11] N. Čović, I. Pavić, and H. Pandžić, “Multi-energy balancing services provision from a hybrid power plant: PV, battery, and hydrogen technologies,” Appl. Energy, vol. 374, no. January, p. 123966, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.123966.
[12] A. Varone, Z. Heilmann, G. Porruvecchio, and A. Romanino, “Solar parking lot management: An IoT platform for smart charging EV fleets, using real-time data and production forecasts,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 189, no. PA, p. 113845, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2023.113845.
[13] A. Adrianti, R. T. Putri, and M. Nasir, “Voltage Stability Analysis of Power System with Photovoltaic Power Plant,” J. Nas. Tek. Elektro, vol. 1, pp. 1–6, 2023, doi: 10.25077/jnte.v12n1.1055.2023.
[14] B. W. Dionova, M. N. Mohammed, S. Al-Zubaidi, and E. Yusuf, “Environment indoor air quality assessment using fuzzy inference system,” ICT Express, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 185–194, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.icte.2020.05.007.
[15] D. P. Mishra, R. Senapati, and S. R. Salkuti, “Comparison of DC-DC converters for solar power conversion system,” Indones. J. Electr. Eng. Comput. Sci., vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 648–655, 2022, doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp648-655.
[16] M. Saputra, A. H. Santoso, B. S. Gumilang, and T. C. A. Pratama, “Analisis Pengaruh Suhu Dan Partial Shading Terhadap Output Daya PV 100-WP Untuk Sistem Hidroponik,” Elposys J. Sist. Kelistrikan, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 124–129, 2023, doi: 10.33795/elposys.v10i2.3066.
[17] A. T. Naser, K. K. Mohammed, N. F. A. Aziz, K. binti Kamil, and S. Mekhilef, “Improved coot optimizer algorithm-based MPPT for PV systems under complex partial shading conditions and load variation,” Energy Convers. Manag. X, vol. 22, no. January, p. 100565, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100565.
[18] K. Akter, S. M. A. Motakabber, A. H. M. Z. Alam, and S. H. B. Yusoff, “Design and investigation of high power quality PV fed DC-DC boost converter,” e-Prime - Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy, vol. 9, no. June, p. 100649, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100649.
[19] I. W. Sutaya, I. A. Dwi Giriantari, W. G. Ariastina, and I. N. Satya Kumara, “Comparative Analysis of Two-Stage and Single-Stage Models in Batteryless PV Systems for Motor Power Supply,” J. Nas. Tek. Elektro, vol. 1, pp. 1–11, 2024, doi: 10.25077/jnte.v13n1.1177.2024.
[20] L. Halim, S. E. Gun, and F. Wahab, “Solar Panel Efficiency Improvement through Dual-Axis Solar Tracking with Fuzzy Logic and Water Treatment Techniques,” J. Nas. Tek. Elektro, vol. 3, pp. 20–29, 2023, doi: 10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1120.2023.
[21] A. Chellakhi, S. El Beid, Y. Abouelmahjoub, and Y. Mchaouar, “An efficient implementation of three-level boost converter with capacitor voltage balancing for an advanced MPPT approach in PV Systems,” e-Prime - Adv. Electr. Eng. Electron. Energy, vol. 9, no. June, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.prime.2024.100688.
[22] M. Kamran, M. Mudassar, M. R. Fazal, M. U. Asghar, M. Bilal, and R. Asghar, “Implementation of improved Perturb & Observe MPPT technique with confined search space for standalone photovoltaic system,” J. King Saud Univ. - Eng. Sci., vol. 32, no. 7, pp. 432–441, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.jksues.2018.04.006.
[23] A. B. Djilali, A. Yahdou, E. Bounadja, H. Benbouhenni, D. Zellouma, and I. Colak, “Energy management of the hybrid power system based on improved intelligent Perturb and Observe control using battery storage systems,” Energy Reports, vol. 11, no. January, pp. 1611–1626, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2024.01.010.
[24] Z. Wang and F. Ni, “Maximum Power Point Tracking Based on Improved Kepler Optimization Algorithm and Optimized Perturb & Observe under Partial Shading Conditions,” Energy Eng., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–10, 2024, doi: 10.32604/ee.2024.055535.
[25] S. Javed and K. Ishaque, “A comprehensive analyses with new findings of different PSO variants for MPPT problem under partial shading,” Ain Shams Eng. J., vol. 13, no. 5, p. 101680, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.asej.2021.101680.
[26] A. W. Ibrahim et al., “PV maximum power-point tracking using modified particle swarm optimization under partial shading conditions,” Chinese J. Electr. Eng., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 106–121, 2020, doi: 10.23919/CJEE.2020.000035.
[27] F. D. Murdianto, M. Z. Efendi, R. E. Setiawan, E. Purwanto, G. Prabowo, and A. Jaya, “Modeling and Simulation of MPPT SEPIC-BOOST Using Modified Particle Swarm Optimization (MPSO)-FLC under Dynamic Partial Shading Condition in DC Microgrid System,” iEECON 2018 - 6th Int. Electr. Eng. Congr., pp. 1–4, 2018, doi: 10.1109/IEECON.2018.8712327.
[28] H. Wang, L. Li, H. Ye, and W. Zhao, “Enhancing MPPT efficiency in PV systems under partial shading: A hybrid POA&PO approach for rapid and accurate energy harvesting,” Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 162, no. August, p. 110260, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ijepes.2024.110260.
[29] A. T. Naser, N. F. Ab Aziz, K. K. Mohammed, K. Binti Kamil, and S. Mekhilef, “A novel hybrid GMPPT method for PV systems to mitigate power oscillations and partial shading detection,” Renew. Energy, vol. 237, no. PA, p. 121520, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2024.121520
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Mar 29, 2025
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How to Cite
Dionova, B. W., Devan Junesco Vresdian, Dian Nugraha, Ariep Janeul, Abir Oktaviani, & M.N.Mohammed. (2025). The Efficiency of MPPT in Mitigating the Effects of Partial Shading on Power Stability through the MPNO Method. Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro, 14(1), 15–23. https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v14n1.1249.2025
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Electrical Power and Energy
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